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Colonel Wright (sternwheeler)
The ''Colonel Wright'' was the first steamboat to operate on the Columbia River above The Dalles in the parts of the Oregon Country that later became the U.S. states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho. She was the first steamboat to run on the Snake River.〔Mills, Randall V., ''Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country'', at 80-81, 84-86, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (1977 reprint of 1947 ed.) ISBN 0-8032-5874-7〕 She was named after Colonel (later General) George Wright, an army commander in the Indian Wars in the Oregon Country in the 1850s. She was generally called the ''Wright'' during her operating career.
==Construction and operations==
The ''Colonel Wright'' was launched October 24, 1858 at the mouth of the Deschutes River and began to run in early in 1859. The ''Colonel Wright'' was long, beam, and had depth of hold.〔(Wright, E.W., ed., ''The Lewis and Dryden Marine History of the Pacific Northwest'', at 80-81, Lewis & Dryden Publishing Co., Portland, OR 1895 ) (accessed 2008-03-26)〕 The launching of the ''Colonel Wright'' was an important step in the settlement of the Inland Empire, Idaho and eastern Oregon, and in consequence, she made a fortune for her owners before others could interfere with the trade. Her profit potential was greatly enhanced by the discovery of gold in Idaho in the spring of 1859.〔Timmen, Fritz, ''Blow for the Landing -- A Hundred Years of Steam Navigation On the Waters of the West'', Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1973 ISBN 0-87004-221-1〕
She was built by R. R. Thompson and E. F. Coe, who had Government transport contracts on the middle and upper Columbia River. They had been carrying freight for Fort Walla Walla from Celilo in bateaux at a rate of $100 per ton. Colonel Jordan, the chief quartermaster, encouraged them to construct the steamer. When she was completed they reduced the rates to $80 and made three round trips a week throughout the summer, taking full loads both ways and quickly growing rich. The ''Colonel Wright'' made her first trip in April 1859. The ''Colonel Wright'' was first commanded by Capt. Leonard White, with Capt. Ephraim W. Baughman (1835–1923), pilot.〔
Captain White was a veteran of navigation on the upper Willamette River, and later became known as one of the most intrepid of all steamboat captains. When he was first assigned to the ''Wright'', Captain White hung a square sail on the steamboat as a precaution in case of mechanical failure.〔 When he took the ''Wright'' on her first trip up the Snake River, and when she hit a snag near the mouth of the Palouse River, she almost sank before Captain White could beach her. Bailed out and repaired, the ''Colonel Wright'' was able to continue her journey. White received a salary of $500 per month, a huge amount of money for the time,〔 and retained the position for several years.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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